Introduction
Diverticulitis is an inflammatory disease which affects the diverticula, or small pockets, in the wall of the large intestine (colon). When the diverticula bulge outward through weak spots in the large intestine, this is called diverticulosis. Diverticula pockets can form when pressure inside the large intestine increases, which is often due to constipation. The most likely cause of constipation is a low-fibre diet, which leads to increased pressure inside the colon. For most people with diverticulosis, eating a high fibre diet is the only form of treatment needed. Fibre intake can be increased by eating more fruits and vegetables, whole grain bread and cereals, and legumes.
Diverticulosis develops onto diverticulitis when the diverticula become inflamed or infected. The most common symptom suffered by people is abdominal pain, particularly tenderness around the left side of the lower abdomen. Symptoms such as mild cramping, bloating and constipation are often experienced. Rare, more serious complications can arise from diverticulosis including infection, bleeding, perforation and obstruction. These complications can be treated by the administration of antibiotics or by surgery if required.
Diverticulosis and diverticulitis are often collectively called diverticular disease and become increasingly common as people age. Over half of people aged over 60 have diverticulosis, compared to less than 10% in those under the age of 40. Diverticulosis develops into diverticulitis in about 20% of cases. There is no difference in the prevalence of diverticular disease among men and women.